目的 探究温度、含水量及表面粗糙度对冲击冰黏附强度的耦合影响机制。方法 在结冰风洞中于不同工况下制备冲击冰试样,并在低温冷室中采用直接推离法系统测量其剪切黏附强度。结合对冲击冰近基底区域气泡与晶粒微观结构的观测,分析黏附强度变化的内在机理。结果 对于低粗糙度（光面）基底,黏附强度随温度降低呈先增后减的趋势,其峰值温度随含水量增大而向低温区移动,该变化主要由冰-基界面气泡数量调控的接触面积主导。对于高粗糙度（Ra=10 μm）基底,黏附强度受界面接触状态与冰体自身强度的双重控制,且主导机制随含水量变化发生转变。中、高含水量（0.6、1.2 g/m3）下,黏附强度峰值分别出现在-10 ℃与-11.5 ℃附近,主要受冰体自身强度的控制;在低含水量（0.3 g/m3）下,峰值出现在-4 ℃附近。进一步研究发现,基底粗糙度通过机械互锁效应显著影响黏附强度及失效模式,揭示了黏附机理从光滑表面的“界面接触主导”向粗糙表面的“冰体强度主导”的转变。结论 温度与含水量通过改变接触面积与冰体强度共同影响黏附强度,表面粗糙度则通过改变黏附失效模式对黏附强度产生显著影响。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the coupled effect mechanisms of temperature, water content, and surface roughness on the adhesion strength of impact ice. Impact ice specimens were prepared under various conditions in an icing wind tunnel, and their shear adhesion strength was systematically measured with a direct push-off method in a low-temperature cold chamber. By observing the microstructure of bubbles and grains near the substrate region of the impact ice, the underlying mechanisms governing the variation in adhesion strength were analyzed. For substrates with lower surface roughness (smooth surface), adhesion strength firstly increased and then decreased with the decreasing temperature, with the peak temperature shifting toward lower temperatures as water content increased. This variation was primarily governed by the contact area regulated by the quantity of bubbles at the ice-substrate interface. For substrates with higher roughness (Ra=10 μm), adhesion strength was jointly controlled by the interfacial contact state and the intrinsic strength of the ice, with the dominant mechanism shifting as water content changed. Under medium and high water contents (0.6 and 1.2 g/m3), adhesion peaks occurred near -10 ℃ and -11.5 ℃, respectively, and were mainly governed by the strength of impact ice itself. Whereas under low water content (0.3 g/m3), the peak appeared near -4 ℃. Further analysis revealed that substrate roughness significantly affected adhesion strength and failure modes through mechanical interlocking effects, demonstrating a transition in adhesion mechanisms from “interface contact-dominated” on smooth surfaces to “ice strength-dominated” on rough surfaces. Temperature and water content affect the adhesion strength by altering the contact area and the intrinsic strength of the ice, while surface roughness significantly affects the adhesion strength by changing the adhesion failure mode.
关键词
冲击冰黏附强度 /
温度 /
含水量 /
粗糙度 /
气泡 /
晶粒
Key words
impact ice adhesion strength /
temperature /
water content /
surface roughness /
bubble /
grain
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 孔满昭, 段卓毅, 马玉敏. 机翼展向不同部位结冰对飞机气动力特性影响研究[J]. 实验流体力学, 2016, 30(2): 32-37.
KONG M Z, DUAN Z Y, MA Y M.Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ice Accretion in Different Wing Span Sections[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 30(2): 32-37.
[2] SIVAKUMAR G, SUNDARARAJAN S.The Effect of Surface Roughness, Stiffness, and Size on Ice Adhesion[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2024, 225: 104271.
[3] IBÁÑEZ-IBÁÑEZ P F, MONTES RUIZ-CABELLO F J, CABRERIZO-VÍLCHEZ M A, et al. Ice Adhesion of PDMS Surfaces with Balanced Elastic and Water-Repellent Properties[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 608: 792-799.
[4] DONG W, DING J, ZHOU Z X.Experimental Study on the Ice Freezing Adhesive Characteristics of Metal Surfaces[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2014, 51(3): 719-726.
[5] XIE Q, HAO T H, WANG C, et al.The Mechanical Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Ice Adhesion Strength on Ice-Phobic Coating[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(3): 315.
[6] WANG Y S, XIONG K, ZHU C L, et al.Evaluation of the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice by a New Method[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2023, 292: 109641.
[7] GUERIN F, LAFORTE C, FARINAS M I, et al.Analytical Model Based on Experimental Data of Centrifuge Ice Adhesion Tests with Different Substrates[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2016, 121: 93-99.
[8] 刘祯, 孔维梁, 刘洪, 等. 水雾粒径对冰附着力影响的实验研究[J]. 实验流体力学, 2018, 32(2): 35-39.
LIU Z, KONG W L, LIU H, et al.Experimental Study for Effect of Mean Volumetric Diameter on Ice Adhesion Strength[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 32(2): 35-39.
[9] PERVIER M L.Mechanics of Ice Detachment Applied to Turbomachinery[D]. Cranfield: Cranfield University, 2012.
[10] STROBL T, RAPS D M, HORNUNG M.Evaluation of Roughness Effects on Ice Adhesion[C]// Proceedings of the 5th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference, Virginia: AIAA, 2013.
[11] CHU M C, SCAVUZZO R J.Adhesive Shear Strength of Impact Ice[J]. AIAA Journal, 1991, 29(11): 1921-1926.
[12] BUDDINGH J V, LIU G J.Hard Epoxy Coating with Lasting Low Ice Adhesion Strength[J]. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2023, 5(9): 7485-7496.
[13] YEONG Y H, LOTH E, SOKHEY J, et al.Ice Adhesion Strength on Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Coatings[C]// Proceedings of the 6th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Virginia: AIAA, 2014.
[14] 李伟斌, 马洪林, 易贤, 等. 温度对动态结冰微观结构特性影响定量分析[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(5): 748-753.
LI W B, MA H L, YI X, et al.Quantitative Influence of Temperature on Micro-Structure Feature of Dynamic Ice[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 37(5): 748-753.
[15] HE F F, YI X, GU X S, et al.Experimental Study on the Mixed Mode I-II Fracture Characteristics of Dynamic Ice[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2025, 324: 111272.
[16] KERMANI M, FARZANEH M, GAGNON R.Bending Strength and Effective Modulus of Atmospheric Ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008, 53(2): 162-169.
[17] KERMANI M, FARZANEH M, GAGNON R.Compressive Strength of Atmospheric Ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2007, 49(3): 195-205.
[18] DRUEZ J, MCCOMBER P, TREMBLAY C.Experimental Results on the Tensile Strength of Atmospheric Ice[J]. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 1989, 13(3): 59-64.
[19] BEERAM P S R, WALDMAN R M, HU H. Measurements of Ice Adhesion over Ice Mitigation Coatings Pertinent to Aircraft Icing and Anti-/de-Icing[C]// Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Virginia: AIAA, 2017.
[20] LAFORTE C, BEISSWENGER A.Icephobic Material Centrifuge Adhesion Test[C]// Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. Montreal: IWAIS, 2005.
[21] RØNNEBERG S, LAFORTE C, VOLAT C, et al. The Effect of Ice Type on Ice Adhesion[J]. AIP Advances, 2019, 9(5): 055304.
[22] ZARASVAND K A, MOHSENI M, GOLOVIN K.Cohesive Zone Analysis of Cylindrical Ice Adhesion: Determining Whether Interfacial Toughness or Strength Controls Fracture[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2021, 183: 103219.
[23] GOLOVIN K, KOBAKU S P R, LEE D H, et al. Designing Durable Icephobic Surfaces[J]. Science Advances, 2016, 2(3): e1501496.
[24] DOUGLASS R G, PALACIOS J L.Effects of Strain Rate Variation on the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2021, 181: 103168.
[25] REHFELD N, BRASSARD J D, YAMAZAKI M, et al.Round-Robin Study for Ice Adhesion Tests[J]. Aerospace, 2024, 11(2): 106.
[26] LOVELL A R, HOCH G R, DONNELLY C J, et al.Shear and Tensile Delamination of Ice from Surfaces: The Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT)[R]. Hanover: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2021.
[27] VINCENT A, PERVIER M, PERVIER H, et al.Computational Approach for Investigating Nanoscale Interfacial Ice Adhesion Trends[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(51): 36088-36097.
[28] HANSEN N.Hall-Petch Relation and Boundary Strengthening[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2004, 51(8): 801-806.
[29] SOLTIS J, PALACIOS J, EDEN T, et al.Ice Adhesion Mechanisms of Erosion-Resistant Coatings[J]. AIAA Journal, 2015, 53(3): 654-662.
PDF(9042 KB)
